Albania, the so-called “Balkan Tiger,” has been in ongoing negotiations with the European Union (EU) since 2022 regarding its potential membership. While the discussions have reached an advanced stage, significant hurdles remain, particularly in the field of justice. These challenges could prove to be the key obstacles in Albania’s path to EU membership, with corruption, political interference, and major flaws in the legal system raising concerns.

Justice System Concerns: A Major Roadblock

The question of whether Albania’s justice system will be a stumbling block for its EU accession is now at the forefront. Markus Tschank, a member of the Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ), has raised alarm over the ongoing issues in Albania’s judicial system. He has officially asked Austria’s Ministry of Justice and Ministry of Constitutional Affairs about these concerns. Tschank’s inquiry comes in the wake of persistent reports of corruption, politically motivated persecution, and major deficiencies in the rule of law in the Balkans. Despite the European Union’s extensive financial support—14.7 million euros from Austria alone for the EURALIUS project aimed at strengthening the Albanian judicial system—reforms have been slow, and the situation remains dire.

Tschank’s concerns are echoed by other observers, who argue that despite the millions invested in reforming Albania’s justice system, there has been little progress. There are serious concerns that the system remains under the influence of political forces, allowing corruption to thrive and ensuring that those in power are often beyond the reach of the law.

One of the most controversial cases highlighting Albania’s justice woes is that of Irena Gjoka. Gjoka, an anti-corruption judge, was appointed despite clear conflicts of interest. Her appointment has been widely criticized as a glaring example of the ongoing problem of corruption in the judicial system. Gjoka’s appointment is seen as a scandal by many, particularly those who have been following the reforms closely. The case serves as a reminder that the justice system in Albania remains deeply flawed and in need of urgent reform.

Will Albania Meet EU Standards?

According to the EU’s accession requirements, any country wishing to join the Union must adhere to minimum standards in areas such as justice, administration, and democracy. These standards are non-negotiable, and Albania’s current struggles in these areas raise the question of whether it can truly meet the necessary criteria to become a full EU member.

Tschank, who is raising concerns on behalf of the FPÖ, has emphasized that these issues cannot be ignored. He points out that from Austria’s perspective, meeting these standards is an essential condition for any country seeking to join the EU. He argues that the European Union cannot afford to compromise on these basic principles, as they are foundational to the Union’s integrity. The current state of Albania’s judicial system, with its heavy political influence and corruption, presents a serious challenge to the country’s EU ambitions.

Pressure on Journalists and Censorship

Adding to the political and legal challenges is the growing concern over freedom of expression in Albania. The Albanian government has recently proposed a TikTok ban, which critics view as an attempt to silence dissent and control the narrative in the country. This proposed ban has raised alarm among journalists, activists, and human rights organizations, who fear that it could be used as a tool for silencing critical voices. Many believe that the government’s actions are aimed at suppressing opposition and stifling freedom of speech, which could have serious consequences for Albania’s path to EU membership.

While Albania’s government is under increasing pressure to reform, critics argue that the measures being taken are far from sufficient. Corruption remains rampant, and many journalists and citizens have reported increased pressure from the government to toe the line. Despite this, corruption allegations remain largely unchecked, and the authorities have been criticized for their failure to address these issues adequately.

Calls for Accountability

In light of these ongoing issues, Tschank is demanding answers from Austria’s newly appointed ministers, Anna Sporrer (SPÖ) and Claudia Plakolm (ÖVP). He has asked why the judicial system in Albania remains largely untouched by reform efforts and how a country with such glaring issues can be considered for EU membership. His call for accountability highlights the deep concern that many European lawmakers feel regarding Albania’s readiness to join the EU.

Tschank’s questions are particularly pressing given the significant financial investments made by the EU to support reforms in Albania. Despite millions of euros being poured into efforts to modernize the Albanian judicial system, there has been little to show for it. The lack of progress is seen as a serious flaw, and many are beginning to question whether Albania will ever be able to meet the EU’s rigorous standards for membership.

What Lies Ahead for Albania’s EU Bid?

As the future of Albania’s EU accession hangs in the balance, the country faces a difficult road ahead. The reform process has been slow, and the persistent issues with corruption, political interference, and a flawed justice system raise doubts about whether Albania will be able to meet the EU’s requirements for membership.

The outcome of this situation could have significant implications not just for Albania, but for the EU as a whole. If Albania’s EU bid falters due to unresolved issues in the justice sector, it could signal a broader problem for the Union’s enlargement process in the Western Balkans. The EU has long been committed to the integration of countries in the region, but Albania’s struggles raise important questions about how willing the EU is to accept new members without first ensuring that they meet the necessary standards of governance and rule of law.

The Albanian government’s actions over the coming months will likely determine whether the country can overcome these obstacles and fulfill its EU aspirations. However, as things stand, Albania’s path to EU membership remains uncertain, and much depends on the ability of its leaders to address the deep-seated issues in the justice system and broader political landscape.