Nuclear energy companies have increasingly shifted their focus toward microreactors, which are smaller, safer, and more cost-effective. These compact reactors are expected to play a significant role in global decarbonisation efforts, offering clean and reliable energy solutions for various sectors.
Nuclear energy has seen remarkable advancements in recent years, with milestones such as reactor restarts, deployment of new reactors, and ambitious nuclear energy targets. Climate goals have spurred countries worldwide to seek sustainable energy solutions, making nuclear power a key player in the transition. While Europe lags behind the US in nuclear development, nations like France, Romania, and Bulgaria have intensified investments and purchases of nuclear projects.
Microreactors are gaining traction due to their adaptability across industries, including power generation, manufacturing, and water desalination. Even smaller-scale applications, such as smoke detectors and watches, utilise radioactive materials, showcasing the versatility of nuclear energy.
Why Microreactors Are Attracting Attention
Microreactors offer several advantages, including clean energy production, reliability, and reduced reliance on fossil fuel-based generators. These reactors can operate for years without refuelling and incorporate passive safety features, minimising radioactive release risks.
Unlike traditional nuclear plants, microreactors are modular and factory-built, enabling easier installation and cost savings. Their applications span a variety of industries, including district heating, military bases, and water desalination. These reactors also reduce labour costs, as they do not require on-site workers or control rooms.
One of the primary motivations for microreactor adoption is replacing fossil fuel generators, particularly in industries like healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and data centres. Microreactors can significantly cut emissions in these sectors, aiding global decarbonisation goals.
The mining industry has shown increasing interest in microreactors, as they address diesel reliance for excavation, which is costly and polluting. Clean, long-lasting power from microreactors offers a viable alternative for sustainable mining operations.
Westinghouse Nuclear is leading this transformation with its eVinci microreactor. This reactor can generate 5 megawatts of electricity for over eight years without refuelling, supporting diverse applications such as remote communities, universities, and industrial centres. The eVinci reactor can also produce hydrogen, further enhancing its utility.
Jon Ball, head of Westinghouse’s eVinci programme, stated: “Initially, the focus was on remote communities relying on expensive diesel. But interest has expanded significantly, making microreactors a key growth area.”
Challenges to Mainstream Adoption
Despite its promise, nuclear energy faces hurdles, including opposition due to concerns about radioactive waste and nuclear accidents. Improper disposal of waste poses risks to human health and the environment, while events like Chernobyl and Fukushima fuel public skepticism.
Geopolitical risks linked to nuclear weapons proliferation also raise concerns, as do health risks for uranium miners, such as increased lung cancer rates.
The high cost of building nuclear reactors remains a significant obstacle, with traditional reactors costing billions of dollars. Although microreactors are less expensive, they still require substantial investment, and the market for them is not yet fully developed.
Economic uncertainties further complicate attracting investors, making large-scale deployment of microreactors a challenge despite their potential.
While nuclear energy has made progress in addressing climate goals, overcoming these challenges will be crucial for its continued growth and mainstream adoption. Microreactors represent a promising step forward, but broader support and investment are necessary to unlock their full potential.
